On the Radiometer Type Vacuum Gauge

Vacuum Gauge to Vacuum Pump Valve

Gauge Symmetry and the Theta-Vacuum

ly, a symmetry of a structure is an automorphism— a transformation that maps the elements of an object back onto themselves so as to preserve the structure of that object. A physical theory speci…es a set of models— mathematical structures— that may be used to represent various di¤erent situations, actual as well as merely possible, and to make claims about them. Any application of a physical t...

Design and Simulation of Hot Cathode Ionization Vacuum Gauge with no X-Ray Limitations

In this paper, the MEMS type ionization gauge with no X-Ray limitations has been presented. Having the dimensions of 2.4 mm× 0.8mm × 1.4 mm, the designed gauge is 9000 times smaller than the conventional type and can operate in HV and UHV pressures up to 5×10-9 torr. Operating at the temperature of 750°C, the cathode of proposed gauge is implemented using nickel and works in a way in...

Gauge Freedom in Chiral Gauge Theory with Vacuum Overlap

In the vacuum overlap formalism[1] of a generic chiral gauge theory, gauge symmetry is explicitly broken by the complex phase of fermion determinant. In order to restore the gauge invariance, gauge average—the integration along gauge orbit— is invoked. Then, what is required for the dynamical nature of the gauge freedom at β = ∞ (pure gauge limit) is that the global gauge symmetry is not broken...

on the relationship between iranian learners personality type and communication strategies in speaking.

چکیده شخصیت به مجموعه عوامل روانی، عقلی، احساسی، و فیزیکی تشکیل دهنده یک فرد اطلاق میشود، خصوصا فرد ازدیدگاه دیگران ( مرجع). تدابیر یاد گیری سعی در اگاهی از اقدامات زبان اموزان موفق زبان دوم یا یک زبان بیگانه را دارد که توسط خود زبان اموزان گزارش میشود،یا حین یادگیری زبان دوم یا زبان بیگانه از انها قابل مشاهده است( روبین و وندن 1987). همچنین تدابیر ارتباطی به زبان اموزان کمک می کند تا بر مشکلا...